Color Converter & Picker

Convert colors between HEX, RGB, and HSL formats instantly

Current Color

#2563EB

rgb(37, 99, 235) · hsl(221, 83%, 53%)

HEX

RGB

HSL

CSS Code

color: #2563eb;

color: rgb(37, 99, 235);

color: hsl(221, 83%, 53%);

Color Harmonies

Complementary

Analogous

Triadic

Split Complementary

Understanding Color Formats and Color Theory

What Are Color Models?

Color models are mathematical systems used to represent and describe colors in a way that computers and digital devices can understand and reproduce. Different color models serve different purposes, and each has its own strengths depending on the context in which it is used. The three most commonly used color models in web development and digital design are HEX, RGB, and HSL. Understanding how these models work and when to use each one is essential for web designers, developers, and anyone who works with digital color. Converting between these formats allows you to use the most convenient representation for any given task, whether you are writing CSS styles, designing interfaces, or matching brand colors across different tools and platforms.

HEX Color Codes Explained

HEX color codes are the most widely recognized way to represent colors on the web. A HEX code consists of a hash symbol (#) followed by six hexadecimal characters (0-9 and A-F), where each pair of characters represents the intensity of red, green, and blue light respectively. For example, #FF5733 breaks down to FF (255) for red, 57 (87) for green, and 33 (51) for blue. HEX codes are compact, easy to share, and universally supported in CSS, HTML, and design tools. They are the default color format in most code editors and design applications. However, HEX codes are not intuitive to adjust manually because changing a single character can drastically alter the color in unpredictable ways. This is why designers often convert HEX codes to other formats like HSL when they need to make precise adjustments to hue, saturation, or lightness.

RGB: The Language of Screens

RGB stands for Red, Green, Blue and is the color model used by virtually all digital screens, from monitors and televisions to smartphones and tablets. In the RGB model, each color is defined by three values ranging from 0 to 255, representing the intensity of red, green, and blue light emitted by each pixel. When all three channels are at maximum intensity (255, 255, 255), the result is pure white. When all are at zero (0, 0, 0), the result is pure black. By mixing different intensities of these three primary colors of light, screens can reproduce millions of distinct colors. The RGB model is additive, meaning that combining colors creates lighter results, which is the opposite of how physical paint mixing works. In CSS, you can use the rgb() function to specify colors, such as rgb(255, 87, 51) for a vibrant orange-red. RGB is particularly useful when you need to programmatically manipulate individual color channels or when working with image processing algorithms that operate on raw pixel data.

HSL: A Designer-Friendly Model

HSL stands for Hue, Saturation, and Lightness, and it is widely regarded as the most intuitive color model for human understanding. Unlike HEX and RGB, which describe colors in terms of how screens produce them, HSL describes colors in terms of how humans perceive them. Hue is a degree on the color wheel ranging from 0 to 360, where 0 is red, 120 is green, and 240 is blue. Saturation is a percentage from 0% (completely gray) to 100% (fully vivid), and Lightness ranges from 0% (pure black) to 100% (pure white), with 50% being the normal full color. This model makes it remarkably easy to create color variations. Need a lighter version of your brand color? Simply increase the lightness value. Want a muted version? Decrease the saturation. Need a completely different color with the same feel? Shift the hue while keeping saturation and lightness the same. CSS supports the hsl() function natively, making HSL an excellent choice for creating dynamic color systems, theme generators, and accessible color palettes in modern web applications.

Understanding Color Harmonies

Color harmony refers to aesthetically pleasing color combinations derived from specific geometric relationships on the color wheel. Complementary colors sit directly opposite each other on the wheel, separated by 180 degrees, and create strong visual contrast that makes elements stand out. Analogous colors are neighbors on the wheel, typically within 30 degrees of each other, and produce harmonious, cohesive palettes that feel natural and unified. Triadic harmonies use three colors equally spaced at 120 degrees apart, creating vibrant and balanced combinations. Split-complementary schemes use a base color plus the two colors adjacent to its complement, offering contrast with less visual tension than a pure complementary pair. Understanding these relationships is fundamental to creating professional color palettes for websites, applications, and brand identities. By using this tool to explore color harmonies, you can quickly generate palettes that are both visually appealing and grounded in color theory principles that have been refined over centuries of artistic practice.

Tips for Choosing Colors in Web Design

Selecting the right colors for a web project involves more than personal preference. Accessibility should always be a primary concern. The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) require a minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text between foreground and background colors. Use your converted color values to test contrast ratios and ensure your design is readable for users with visual impairments, including color blindness. Limit your primary palette to two or three main colors and use neutrals for backgrounds and text. Consistent use of color creates visual hierarchy and guides users through your interface. Consider cultural associations with colors as well, as meanings vary across regions. Test your colors on different screens, as displays vary in how they render color, and what looks perfect on your monitor may appear quite different on a mobile device. Finally, save your chosen colors in multiple formats so you can use them seamlessly across CSS, design tools, and documentation without repeated manual conversion.